Humorous Wedding Speech by the Groom :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Hilarious Wedding Speech by the Groom It is evident from the initial barely any lines of this discourse the husband to be has a brilliant relationship with the lady of the hour's folks and this can be extremely valuable, later on, for clear reasons, yet it can likewise give the discourse progressively comical. This discourse is likewise a genuine case of utilizing occasions in history that occurred on a similar date as a wellspring of funniness. Much obliged to you for those dazzling words. I'd prefer to advise you that you're less losing a girl, yet recovering three storage rooms (closets). I won't overlook the first run through my better half took me home to meet her folks. To break the ice, I asked her father which group he upheld. West Ham (Cubs) he answered. Which was clear as he lives in London (Chicago). So I said I wager it's energizing when you dominate a game (competition). I don't have the foggiest idea, he answered. I've just been supporting them For six seasons (ten seasons). By the manner in which I haven't overlooked, I'll sign that receipt for you. He has worked out a receipt for me. It peruses: Received: one girl in immaculate condition, completely ensured. Care Notes: gets exhausted effectively keep occupied with a steady gracefully of tasks. Not to be beaten, my mother additionally has a receipt for my better half to sign. It peruses: Received: one child, sold as observed, no discounts under any conditions. I've re-adorned the room and changed the locks so you're left with him. Care Notes: de-hydrates effectively, top up routinely with brew. While composing this discourse, I figured it would be a smart thought to investigate a few occasions in history which occurred on this day. I discovered that on this day in 1889 Sherlock Holmes showed up in the Adventure of The Engineer’s Thumb and in 1948 manufactured elastic was first utilized in asphaltic cement. I'm certain both of these occasions will be a genuine motivation to us throughout the years. Presently, there are some thankyous that I’d like to pass on for the benefit of my significant other and I. We both need to thank the bride’s guardians for the help they've given us. From the very first moment, you have been completely behind us, and have consistently exhibited how a marriage ought to be - and that is fruitful. I’ll give a valiant effort to satisfy your hopes and guarantee to take great consideration of your little girl.

Origins of the Vietnam War From 1945â€1954

Beginnings of the Vietnam War From 1945â€1954 The reasons for the Vietnam War follow their underlying foundations back to the finish of World War II. A French state, Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia) had been involved by the Japanese during the war. In 1941, a Vietnamese patriot development, the Viet Minh, was framed by Ho Chi Minh to oppose the occupiers. A socialist, Ho Chi Minh pursued a guerrilla war against the Japanese with the help of the United States. Close to the finish of the war, the Japanese started to advance Vietnamese patriotism and at last allowed the nation ostensible freedom. On August 14, 1945, Ho Chi Minh propelled the August Revolution, which successfully observed the Viet Minh assume responsibility for the nation. The French Return Following the Japanese annihilation, the Allied Powers concluded that the area ought to stay under French control. As France came up short on the soldiers to retake the region, Nationalist Chinese powers involved the north while the British arrived in the south. Incapacitating the Japanese, the British utilized the gave up weapons to rearm French powers that had been interned during the war. Under tension from the Soviet Union, Ho Chi Minh tried to haggle with the French, who wanted to retake ownership of their province. Their passageway into Vietnam was just allowed by the Viet Minh after confirmations had been given that the nation would pick up autonomy as a component of the French Union. First Indochina War Conversations before long separated between the two gatherings and in December 1946, the French shelled the city of Haiphong and coercively reappeared the capital, Hanoi. These activities started a contention between the French and the Viet Minh, known as the First Indochina War. Battled for the most part in North Vietnam, this contention started as a low level, rustic guerrilla war, as Viet Minh powers directed attempt at manslaughter assaults on the French. In 1949, battling heightened as Chinese socialist powers arrived at the northern outskirt of Vietnam and opened a pipeline of military supplies to the Viet Minh.â <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/4P3KU98Nptlxn4GUFTWMWwpfq4M=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2659254-5c49ec764cedfd00016f2673.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/o_tlhG_b7Z8UQAdJzrhj4FaoBCE=/600x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2659254-5c49ec764cedfd00016f2673.jpg 600w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/osfzPG6WYrE_nr6M8W7NslvyngU=/900x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2659254-5c49ec764cedfd00016f2673.jpg 900w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/oiMaOwHdycOj2jiqiR5pj1-LweM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2659254-5c49ec764cedfd00016f2673.jpg 1500w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/BZYroUpGlFF23I-ETwaFa_PT3OY=/1500x1171/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2659254-5c49ec764cedfd00016f2673.jpg src=//:0 alt=French Paratroopers class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-8 information following container=true /> French paratroopers participating in Operation Castor, a parachute drop on Dien Bien Phu in the Thai area during the Indo-China war. Hulton Archive/Stringer/Getty Imagesâ â Progressively well-prepared, the Viet Minh started more straightforward commitment against the foe and the contention finished when the French were conclusively crushed at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. The war was at last settled by the Geneva Accords of 1954, which briefly apportioned the nation at the seventeenth equal, with the Viet Minh in charge of the north and a non-socialist state to be shaped in the south under Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem. This division was to go on until 1956, when national decisions would be held to choose the eventual fate of the country. The Politics of American Involvement At first, the United States had little enthusiasm for Vietnam and Southeast Asia, in any case, as it turned out to be certain that the post-World War II world would be commanded by the US and its partners and the Soviet Union and theirs, disconnecting socialist developments took an expanded significance. These worries were at last framed into the principle of control and domino hypothesis. First illuminated 1947, regulation distinguished that the objective of Communism was to spread to entrepreneur states and that the best way to stop it was to â€Å"contain† it inside its current outskirts. Springing from regulation was the idea of domino hypothesis, which expressed that in the event that one state in a locale were to tumble to Communism, at that point the encompassing states would definitely fall also. These ideas were to command and guide US international strategy for a great part of the Cold War. In 1950, to battle the spread of Communism, the United States started providing the French military in Vietnam with counsels and subsidizing its endeavors against the â€Å"red† Viet Minh. This guide almost stretched out to coordinate intercession in 1954, when the utilization of American powers to assuage Dien Bien Phu was examined finally. Circuitous endeavors proceeded in 1956, when counsels were given to prepare the military of the new Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) with the objective of making a power equipped for opposing Communist animosity. In spite of their earnest attempts, the nature of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was to remain reliably poor all through its reality. The Diem Regime <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/aoDluyn3-Pasx_zjg6cWciatuE8=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3272493-5c49e91ec9e77c0001090d46.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/S9T8sKtX1gYqmgbtkNmwJyOCPek=/600x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3272493-5c49e91ec9e77c0001090d46.jpg 600w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/LxsvPVQvchlcsk-ARKt4pLkW8cE=/900x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3272493-5c49e91ec9e77c0001090d46.jpg 900w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Q49hqxO_r9LsDCxBxZkxYdLDY=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3272493-5c49e91ec9e77c0001090d46.jpg 1500w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/8v6uzOm6JsRVEqDJSRNjX95i0h0=/1500x1121/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-3272493-5c49e91ec9e77c0001090d46.jpg src=//:0 alt=South Vietnam President Ngo Dinh Diem class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-19 information following container=true /> South Vietnam President Ngo Dinh Diem (1901 - 1963) viewing an agrarian show only minutes after a death endeavor had been made on his life. Cornerstone/Stringer/Getty Imagesâ â A year after the Geneva Accords, Prime Minister Diem started a â€Å"Denounce the Communists† crusade in the south. All through the mid year of 1955, Communists and other resistance individuals were imprisoned and executed. Notwithstanding assaulting the socialists, the Roman Catholic Diem ambushed Buddhist factions and composed wrongdoing, which further estranged the to a great extent Buddhist Vietnamese individuals and disintegrated his help. Over the span of his cleanses, it is evaluated that Diem had up to 12,000 adversaries executed and upwards of 40,000 jailed. To further concrete his capacity, Diem fixed a submission on the eventual fate of the nation in October 1955 and announced the development of the Republic of Vietnam, with its capital at Saigon. In spite of this, the US effectively bolstered the Diem system as a support against Ho Chi Minh’s socialist powers in the north. In 1957, a low-level guerrilla development started to rise in the south, directed by Viet Minh units that had not returned north after the accords. After two years, these gatherings effectively constrained Ho’s government into giving a mystery goals requiring an equipped battle in the south. Military supplies started to stream into the south along the Ho Chi Minh Trail, and the next year the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (Viet Cong) was shaped to complete the battle. Disappointment and Deposing Diem The circumstance in South Vietnam kept on crumbling, with defilement overflowing all through the Diem government and the ARVN incapable to successfully battle the Viet Cong. In 1961, the recently chosen Kennedy Administration guaranteed more guide and extra cash, weapons, and supplies were sent with little impact. Conversations at that point started in Washington with respect to the need to compel a system change in Saigon. This was cultivated on November 2, 1963, when the CIA supported a gathering of ARVN officials to topple and execute Diem. His demise prompted aâ period of political precariousness that saw the ascent and fall of a progression of military governments. To help manage the post-overthrow turmoil, Kennedy expanded the quantity of US consultants in South Vietnam to 16,000. With Kennedys demise later that equivalent month, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson climbed to the administration and emphasized the US pledge to battling socialism in the district.

Social Work Essay Topics - How to Choose Topics

Social Work Essay Topics - How to Choose TopicsIt is necessary to choose the right topic for your social work essay, because a strong topic with excellent writing skills will greatly enhance your chances of getting selected as a finalist for a scholarship or other form of public funding. In order to make this task easier, it is essential to know what social work essay topics are available and how to present your knowledge effectively.The career of any social worker includes involvement in both private and public service careers. As one of the most respected and influential social workers in the United States, Jack Kevorkian was choosing to write an essay on public policy and why the government should offer more funding to under-served communities. Kevorkian understood that his essay was aimed at improving the quality of public service, and that people would be able to relate to his personal experiences in life. Kevorkian used this type of essay to achieve his goals of serving others. Students who are still in high school may also find themselves interested in writing a social work essay for their senior year project. This essay will be one of the most important tools in helping them build their resume and help them improve their general academic skills.Interest in a specific field of social work can be found anywhere. An example is that parents can write essays on their interest in foster care because their child was either a foster child or adopted.It is important to first decide which area of social work you would like to work in, because different areas of social work have different public policy issues. For example, while a nurse is dealing with disease prevention and health in the hospital setting, they will not be helping the homeless. Therefore, you must choose your area of focus.Once you decide on what area of social work you want to work in, then it is time to choose your topic for your essay, because a topic must focus on the area you chose before appl ying to any schools. While some subjects may seem familiar, you must be sure to remember that many areas of social work require a variety of areas of specialty.Many students, particularly those in public policy issues, tend to have a hard time deciding what topic they want to write about. Before taking this step, consider yourself as an opinion writer and decide which issue is of most interest to you. Even if you believe there is an issue that is important to you, do not ever take the first topic that comes to mind because it is very possible that you will regret this decision.After you have chosen your topic and have gained a basic idea of what you will be discussing, now is the time to start brainstorming. When you begin to brainstorm, write down as many ideas as you can. Remember that your essay will be evaluated for its effectiveness in communicating ideas, so the best idea is what you would personally like to share with the world.

Inspirational High School Graduation Quotations

Most of us would agree that the days we spent in high school were certainly the best days of our lives. It was in school that we made our first friends, competed to excel, hoped for places in the sports teams, and learned our first lessons about life. Memories come flooding back when you read each high school graduation quote on this page. If you want to wish your friends on their graduation day, you can make a special greeting with one of these high school graduation quotes. Graduation Quotations AnonymousYour schooling may be over, but remember that your education still continues.Isabel WaxmanIt is indeed ironic that we spend our school days yearning to graduate and our remaining days waxing nostalgic about our school days.Ralph Waldo EmersonThe things taught in schools and colleges are not an education, but the means of education.Martha ReevesThe morning after my high-school graduation found me up early job hunting. The dream of college I put on the back burner.Henry FordYou cant learn in school what the world is going to do next year.Author UnknownEmotions, drama, broken hearts, and liesAnd they say these were the best days of our lives?Richard BachDont be dismayed at goodbyes. A farewell is necessary before you can meet again. And meeting again, after moments or lifetime, is certain for those who are friends.Johann Wolfgang von GoetheDream no small dreams for they have no power to move the hearts of men.Andy McIntyreIf you think education is expensive, try ignorance!

Health Care Information Systems ( Hcis ) - 1121 Words

Health Care Information Systems Sitharam Devineni,devin2s@cmich.edu BIS 625 Research in Information Systems College of Business Administration, Department of Business Information Systems Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48858 USA Abstract The use of Information system in the field of health care is growing rapidly as a basic requirement for the health care organizations. Health care information systems (HCIS) is also known as Health care Informatics. The purpose of the paper is to discuss how health care informatics are successfully developed and implemented to improve health care efficiency and effectiveness. The hospitals or the medical institutions today is using the increased power of computer devices for graphics, text and for other data manipulation purposes. The inflexibility of the software applications is a major in health care information systems management. Along with this, the incomplete and inconsistent information due to the diversity of isolated information systems is one of the major problems that information technology is facing in field of the healthcare sector. Therefore, health care information systems help to maintain and store the organization data or information in such a way that they can use t o analyze the data for future purpose. Keywords: -Health care information systems, Health care organization, Information systems, Software applications. INTRODUCTION With the increase in the Advancement of the technology, theShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Information System ( Hcis )1539 Words   |  7 PagesHealth care information system (HCIS) is an arrangement of information (data), processes, people, and information technology that interact to collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to support the health care organization (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2013, p. 105). Having a ready access to accurate and relevant information is essential to health care organizations, providers, and patients (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2013). The growing development of health care technology has theRead MoreExamination of Health Care Facilities Over a 20-Year Span1264 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution of HCIS over the Past Two Decades It is true that information and information exchange are crucial to the delivery of care on all levels of the health care delivery system the patient, the care team, the health care organization, and the encompassing political-economic environment (Reid et al., 2013, p 63). Information systems play a huge role in health care in the contemporary context, although they had a much more limited role in the past, and even twenty years ago HCIS systems were nowhereRead MoreEvolution of Health Care Systems Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: EVOLUTION OF HEALTH CARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS Evolution of Health Care Information Systems Vicki Tate HCS 533 Health Information Systems Group# MHAA119AC8 University of Phoenix Renee Gorby January 7, 2011 â€Æ' Health Care Information Systems Health care Information systems have become more prevalent in our current Health Care system than it was twenty years ago. The computer was not used to the extent it is today in regards to patient care, documentation, billing, educationRead MoreReport on the Security System at Natividad Medical Center1227 Words   |  5 Pageson the security system at Natividad Medical Center. Using relevant peer-reviewed and technical reports, I devise an analysis plan that explains thoroughly, how I will analyze as well as evaluate Natividad Medical Centers Hospital Computer Information Systems (HCIS) network and its hospital-grade systems infrastructure and technology components. In this comprehensive report, the details of what is going to be analyzed is presented as well as how I am going to analyze the systems (process and tools)Read MoreDeveloping Healthcare IT Requests for Proposals877 Words   |  3 PagesHealthcare IT RFPs Developing healthcare IT requests for proposals (RFPs) can be a daunting task. It is also a critical one institutions must exercise care in making their final selection of a solution vendor to ensure that the needs and requirements of their unique business are adequately addressed (Mayer, 2009). As a result, heavy investments in time are needed to develop the correct detail and also incorporate the input of various stakeholders. Although vendors can contribute to the RFP creationRead MoreFaulty Data And Its Effects On Patient Care Decisions871 Words   |  4 Pagesquality and accurate data that must be validated in order for health care providers to provide quality care for their patients. Accurate data can be impeded or compromised by As a result, not excessive data, measurement instruments are erroneous, â€Å"imprecision in terminology, illegibility and inaccessibility of records, and other opportunities for misinterpretation of data.† â€Å"..Use of faulty data can have serious adverse effects on patient-care decisions† (Musen, Middleton, Greenes, 2014). PhysiciansRead MoreTechnology In Healthcare868 Words   |  4 PagesImproving Perception of a New System Information technology has shaped the health care system. The integration of technology into medical practice paved the way to improved documentation. Hospital organizations are now moving towards computer-based documentation (Meißner, Schnepp, 2014). The change in practice to the computerized system has been the prevailing trend and continued to grow. It is considered as the most significant technological improvement in the past decades ( Yoder-Wise KowalskiRead MoreEssay on Evolution of Health Care Information Systems1299 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of Health Care Information Systems Dimetria Major HCS/533 March 29, 2013 Suzie Mays Evolution of Health Care Information System Health care has come a long way in technology for the past, implementing new technology has made the health care industry grow in size. Major events of health care have paved the way for future technologies influence the physicians, administrators, clinicians, andRead MoreHealth Care Management And Healthcare Management1830 Words   |  8 Pagescomputer and internet technologies. In physicians health care management processes, complications with upgrading systems have resulted in a lack of timely integration of information systems. The defects which create challenges for physician productivity and decrease patient satisfaction are often due to a system that has fallen behind. Lack of integration of information systems can lead to reduced physician productivity, non-suitable patient care, and poor satisfaction of patients. One way in whichRead MoreChanges in the Healthcare Industry1281 Words   |  5 Pagespatterns, and technological advances. The industry changed in terms of a reliance on hospital-based care to more emergency clinics, outpatient and nursing home services, and managed care. More hospitals merged, and many doctors have banded together to form larger, more cost-effective, speciality groups. One of the largest and most obvious changes has been in cost of healthcare. In 1990 the avereage cost of care per person was $2800, rising in 2000 to $4700, and then in 2010 exceeding $7500. In 1990, 14

Analysis of Herman Melville´s Bartleby, the Scrivencer Essay

Herman Melville (1819-1891) is an American writer who is widely acclaimed, among his most admired works are â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† and â€Å"Benito Cereno† which both first appeared as magazine pieces and only published in 1856 as part of a collection. â€Å"Bartleby† was a story reflecting on the business world of the mid-19th century se t in New York none of its most famous and sometimes dangerous street: Wall Street. Bartleby a strange but intriguing man becomes employed in a legal office and in his life and death provides a sort of enigma for his employer, the reader, and the story itself. Bartleby , the Scrivener is a story that examines the ideas of a modern working man who is trapped in a mundane cycle that society has put him†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"While of other law-copyists [Bartleby] I might write the complete life, of Bartleby nothing of that sort can be done [acknowledgement by the narrator that neither he nor anyone really kn ows the truth of Bartlebly]. I believe that no materials exist for a full and satisfactory biography of man. It is an irreparable loss to literature. Bartleby was one of those being of who nothing is ascertainable, except from the original sources, and in his case those are very small. What my own astonished eyes saw of Bartleby that is all I know of him.† (Melville, Bartleby the Scrivener: A story of Wall-Steet) When the narrator himself first introduces us to Bartleby the understanding that the narrator does not know everything thus we do not know everything is presented in tenfold because it is a reflection upon a character not a direct characterization. The narrator reflects on interaction with Bartleby and the impression and assertions it has left on him. Bartleby from the beginning is a presented almost as he is still alive but we no better of it. Bartleby is already a haunting in the text as the initial story is told while looking back rather than from minute to minute happening. In this extent it’s interesting to observe that Bartleby in essence is almost a double of the narrator, a representation of what the narrator lacks. Even the first initial descriptions of Bartleby performing his duties He ran a day and night line, copying by sunlight and by candlelight. I

Failure of Activist Fiscal Policy System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Failure of Activist Fiscal Policy System. Answer: Introduction: The unhealthy food habits increases government expenditure on health and services. To address this use the tools of subsidy and tax should be used in combination (theconversation.com 2017). Subsidy and taxes though both has distortionary effect but both can alters buying habit by changing prices paid by the consumers and that received by the sellers. First, consider the effect of taxation on unhealthy food like sweet and sweet beverages. The own price elasticity estimate for sweet and sugar snacks are -0.270 and -0.295 for high and low calorie sweet and sugar snacks respectively. Therefore, the demand is inelastic in nature and hence, the demand curve is steeper. Before the imposition of tax P* and Q* denotes the respective equilibrium price and quantity. Imposition of tax raises price paid by the consumer to P1 and the price received by the producer is P2. Because of inelastic demand, the consumers bear a greater tax burden. High calorie food and vegetables have a price elasticity of -1.128 and low calorie dairy products have elasticity of -1.972. When a subsidy is given then price paid the consumers decreases while that received by the producer increases. A subsidy on these products will increases demand of these foods by a proportion greater than the price decrease. Keynes suggested government intervention is needed in an economy to stand up shocks. The Keynesian view received great appeal in times of Great Recession. In times of recession, the economy face a depressed demand because of a reduced consumption spending. Spending is an important component of aggregate demand. The idea is to give private spending a boost through an increase in government spending. The assistance provided by government either directly or indirectly increases spending of household and private expenditure and therefore results in a increases in aggregate demand. The fiscal reliance was given priority as then no monetary authority or central bank to design monetary policy was at existence. In time of recession the economy contracts. Automatic fiscal stabilizers are those works without active intervention by the policymakers. As the income reduces, people pay less tax. Which shrinking employment opportunities, government needs to pay more transfer payment. The changes in tax revenue earned and government expenditure bring automated change in budget. The discretionary changes on the other hand take place in the form of change in tax rates or government expenditure. In times of recession government increase their spending and reduces tax rates. The overall government spending in OECD region during economic downturn has increased from 25 percent in 1960 to 40 percent today (cis.org.au 2017). Fiscal contraction taken place in the form of reducing wasteful expenditure improves economic performance. In times of fiscal contraction, a crowd in effect in investment in realized because of the operation in the money market. The money market instrument that works in force is the interest rate. Because of fiscal contraction, interest rate prevailing in the money market reduces (cis.org.au 2017). This stimulate real investment by reducing borrowing cost. Investment being a component of aggregate demand or national income results in an increases in economic activity. This also strengthens the external position of the by strengthening exchange rate and fosters net export and national income. Monetary policy gives stimulus to the economy by boosting investment and aggregate demand. Under expansionary monetary policy, there is a reduction in interest rate through increasing money supply. The reduced interest rate increases investment in the economy because of a reduced borrowing cost. When interest rate reduces, then there is a depreciation of currency (cis.org.au 2017). With currency depreciation, export becomes cheaper and therefore fosters export. With improvement in net export national income increases and the economy expands. The stimulus given from the fiscal policy does not consider the fact that the economy of Australia largely dependent on external borrowing. The foreign borrowing enters through the channel of banking sector where interest rate plays an important role. References Cis.org.au. (2017).Fiscal Fallacies : The Failure of Activist Fiscal Policy. [online] Available at: https://www.cis.org.au/publications/policy-forum/fiscal-fallacies-the-failure-of-activist-fiscal-policy/ [Accessed 24 Oct. 2017]. The Conversation. (2017).Why the government should tax unhealthy foods and subsidise nutritious ones. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/why-the-government-should-tax-unhealthy-foods-and-subsidise-nutritious-ones-72790 [Accessed 24 Oct. 2017].

Impact of Free News on Print Media and Readers Preferences

Abstract This paper answers the questions about implication of free news on print media with an effort of considering readers’ preferences, which are also a cause for emergence of free newspapers. The Effect of electronic media and availability of online news on print media and to what extent that will be a cause for the emergence of free newspapers finds place in review and analysis in the research.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Free News on Print Media and Readers’ Preferences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The different types of free newspapers and their effect on mainstream newspapers and the complementary nature of the free newspapers will be examined to differentiate the readers’ preferences about mainstream newspapers and free news. The aspects other than online availability of news and the free newspapers acting as prompters or marketing agents for online franchisees are reviewed and analyzed to decide the nature and extent of effect on mainstream newspapers. As a whole the readers’ preferences are considered along with the effect of free newspapers on mainstream media and the division between readers of mainstream newspapers and free newspapers and the people who read both of them. Introduction The aim of the paper is to find out the impact of free news and readers preferences for the newspapers which offer it. To have enough understanding about the topic and to know about the readers preferences, the following research questions will be answered in the dissertation. Relation to previous research The relation to previous research finds place in the paper through answering the following questions and the literature review that reviews the opinions and results of the previous researches on the topic and the related topics. To define and identify implication of free news in Print Media. Why the newspapers that offer free news are focusing on certain sections of readers? Do the free newspapers offer competition to traditional or mainstream newspapers or just go together with them? If they are doing so, how it happens? f. If they don’t the reason. Is there any link between readers’ preference for free newspapers and more updated news? Closed End Questions Do you prefer free Newspaper? Yes No Is the content of free newspapers is holistic or they differ from mainstream newspapers? Yes No Is your main intention to read free newspaper is to know the news? Yes No If Yes for the above question, do you find the news in free newspapers and its presentation as well as analysis is at par with mainstream newspapers? Yes No If No for the question number three, what makes you read the free newspaper? Marketing b. Life style stories c. to pass time in travelling to know about new products you are interested in e. none of the above Literature Review The literature review of the dissertation explains what free news is and cites the situations that prompted the emergence of free newspapers. The availability of news for free due to changes in technology can be known as ‘free news’ as the readers may find the news online for free while browsing.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This resulted in a situation that prompted some companies in print media to offer free newspapers, which is termed as biggest threat to companies in print media in terms of profit and revenues. Eventually the firms in newspaper industry found many threats and risks involved in managing a company and to release a newspaper. However, the response of these companies to readers’ preferences results in a threat or an opportunity for their business to stay sustained.1 Availability of News on Internet Publishing is the activity that has been severely affected by the advent of internet. The n ewspaper publishing has been still more affected due to the significant changes implied by digital media in the sector of news publishing. Regarding this aspect, the analysis of key factors that affect the preferences of readers in reading digital newspapers is necessary. Thus while focusing on preferences of readers and the existence of free newspapers as well as their emergence; it is fair to focus on usability of digital newspapers and the choice of digital dailies by readers. To explain these affects the following text can help in understanding the relevance of newspaper sector on Internet. â€Å"The advantages of the new digital media in terms of both supply and demand have brought a revolution in modern Journalism. The use of these new systems is characterized by the speed in which news reach the reader, the low cost of distributing information, the possibility to update news constantly, and the opportunity to establish more direct contact and interact with users, who have co me to play an important role in the design of journalistic offer.†(Flavian C., Gurrea R, 1). As per the above quote, Flavian C., Gurrea R., mention the enormous advantages of the new digital media that have boosted the service of offering news in both qualitative and quantitative terms. The authors opine that this resulted in proliferation of increasingly, specialized electronic journals and resulted in a new communication media.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Free News on Print Media and Readers’ Preferences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, Flavian C., Gurrea R (2008, p. 1) cite Nielson (2003) about news sites and digital newspapers, which are widely demanded by internet users worldwide. Going an extra mile in this regard, the authors cite Kaye and Johnson (2004), who affirmed that the main aim of accessing internet by users is to read breaking news and to search the most updated information. Advertisement Revenue Just before reviewing the emergence and sustenance of free newspapers, it is necessary to mention the threats to advertisement revenues faced by newspapers. Regarding advertisement revenues, the newspapers get them from a diversified customers ranging from the people giving small personal advertisements selling consumer goods to the advertisers who give advertisements about luxury products, which are sold on a wider market when compared to the people giving small advertisements. Both types of revenues are important in sustaining the profitability of newspapers and losing any of them is a major jolt to the profitability. The threat to the advertisement revenues is not only from online news portals but also from websites like e-Bay, which sell diversified products online and deliver them at the doorstep of the customers. These types of websites and online marketing agencies normally tie up with big companies as well as small sellers and sell their products online. This not only relieves the seller from showroom expenditure but also the small advertiser to be free from giving costly advertisements in newspapers. This type of marketing of products resulted in drop in advertisement revenues and the report of Trinity Mirror in 2006 that its advertisement revenue has been dropped by 10 percent. Hence, there should be an alternative to cope up with the damage done by websites and electronic media. The advent of internet also challenged the monopoly of print media and the newspapers should fight with news portals as well as online marketing websites to stay in the gray and to enhance their advertising revenues.2Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Coming to the point of emergence and sustenance of free newspapers, the analyses and interpretations of policies of governments by newspapers come to the fore as they can influence the readers. The influence of the content on the people matters here. The influence is due to interaction of media with its audience. The influence is also due to flow of information offered by a Newspaper to its readers and the way it is being presented. Regarding the influence of print media on people, Andrew King John Plunkett (2005) state as follows: â€Å"The French Revolutions of 1789, 1830 and 1848 were all perceived as caused by unchecked floods of print through the social body: flow of media into the lower classes was considered a major problem.†(King Plunkett 35) In the contemporary period the necessity to penetrate (flow of media) into lowers classes or the target classes resulted in emergence of free newspapers.3 In the age of proliferation of free news on internet, the newspapers hav e no other way except to offer free news in print to counter the competition from news portals or other forms of online news. In this regard New York Times wrote about a newspaper in Hong Kong ‘The Standard’, which is a 58 year old English language daily that joined the ranks of free newspaper. In 2007, when this paper has been offered for free in Hong Kong, initially the distributors gave a print run of 1,20,000 copies by tripling its last paid circulation run to outperform its major competitor ‘The South China Morning Post’. As it is for free, the first day public snapped all the copies within one or two hours and the publishers’ response is that it is better than they expected. Only the attempt of the management to outperform its nearest competitor has been mentioned here, but the act of changing a print media newspaper into free newspaper is to compete with the Internet news portals and to retain their readers who are shifting from print to onlin e media. Hence, the readers’ preference for online news and media can be termed as one of the causes that prompted some print media organizations to turn free. In this point of view, it can be termed that the internet and online news are drivers of emergence of free newspapers as internet eroded the readership as well as advertising revenue of newspapers in markets worldwide. The companies like ‘The Standard’ responded faster than their peers who succumbed or suddenly fallen victim to web. Though there are free newspapers before that, the case of ‘The Standard’ is the one that decided to shift from paid to free distribution of its publications. In this context, ‘The Standard’ relied on target readers of Hong Kong stock exchange as the 90 percent of its advertising revenue is from it. As the exchange started offering companies the less expensive alternative of posting notices on Internet, the print media like the management of ‘The Standard’ started to oblige the same less expensive alternatives for the companies even in print and in an attempt to get advertisements they tried to increase circulation by offering the newspaper for free. So, it can be termed that the compulsion of managements of print media to scramble for alternative ad revenue resulted in ‘free news’ even in print. The emergence of free newspaper is due to the logic that the free newspaper can have more circulation than the paid ones. To consolidate the ad revenue as well as the readership, the free newspapers are acting according to readers’ preferences by targeting certain section of readers like ‘The Standard’ targeting the investors of Hong Kong Stock Exchange.4 In a similar manner, different free newspapers have to act according to readers’ preferences. The increase of popularity for online news after 2000 is evident from the article named ‘Newspaper Circulation up! (For Free Papers)â⠂¬â„¢ published in mediacrit.com. The article also mentions about the decline of circulation as well as revenue for print version associated with the slow and constant growth of online editions and indirectly underlines the readers’ preference for online news. This type of changes in growth regarding publication of news resulted in creation of a segment in newspaper industry, which has to offer free news to increase circulation. The free newspapers are sold by hawkers on carts at all busy public places and in some cases are delivered to target customers in some neighborhoods and this is an attempt from the managements of print media to act according to the preferences of readers. This resulted in emergence of free magazines also in countries like US, which are published weekly once but the context of free newspapers is different as the free magazines do not have a corresponding website as one of the readers’ preferences as mentioned earlier is to resort to online sourc es for news. The article cites Piet Bakker, a communications professor at the University of Amsterdam. He is an expert on the free newspaper industry and explains the sustenance of free newspapers by increasing circulation as well as advertisement revenues. Bakker mentions that the 36 million copies of free dailies are being circulated in 49 countries. These countries include Korea, Chile, Austria and Botswana. Even in Europe, the circulation of free newspapers has grown five times in period 2000-05. The combined circulation of 125 free dailies in Europe is around 26.5 million. This indicates that though there is growth in free newspaper segment, the market is highly competitive as there is more number of newspapers in a particular area. These free newspapers are compact when compared to their paid versions and come as tabloids to meet the preferences of readers. The reason is that they offer these tabloids to the commuters who are mostly employees and workers and offer news mostly read by them as well as the articles about the issues and things they want. As they are targeted on commuters they can be read by the time the readers while they are in journey. In the age of growth of online and digital news, the free newspapers are often used by mainstream newspapers to advertise themselves and to become popular among the readers. That means the paid newspapers are using the free versions as secondary sources and in the time being, the online news websites are also using the free newspapers as the ones to increase their popularity.5 Proposed Methods/Methodology The methodology in this paper involves initially the survey results of some readers of free newspapers and mainstream newspapers. The analysis and discussion followed after the presentation of survey results will discuss and analyze the answers of readers in some academic researches and will be presented as a content that has answers for the questions taken as research questions for this dissertation. The n ext part of the methodology is to fortify the analysis and discussion chapters with analysis of useful and important literature regarding free news and the consequences as well as causes for its emergence. At this stage the selected sources will be different forms of news, readers’ preferences, academic research papers or any type of news article or paper that is useful in analyzing the content that is useful for academic purposes. Analysis The most affected sector due to the developments in technology is Journalism as the ways and means of presentation of news has been changed with the advent of technology. The proliferation of electronic newspapers resulted in availability of free news for readers and this resulted in pressure on print media that offers newspapers in print as their advertisement revenues have come down due to the availability of cheaper space in electronic news portals. Hence, the motivations of the readers to read newspapers need to be observed by free new spapers to know the preferences of readers and to make them visitors of their corresponding websites. This results in a competition between news portals (digital news) and newspapers (print media).6 Digital versus Traditional Newspapers The growing interest in the analysis of duality of channels that present latest news to readers or visitors results in competition between digital and traditional newspapers. This makes the study of free news as the one that makes readers to read the press despite availability of free news online. When readers read free newspapers, the influence of motivations that make them to read them or the situations that result in reading them by the readers come to the fore. While studying these influences, press identified the following motivations; To search for specific information to get updated news for leisure reasons as a habit (Carlos Flavian., Raquel Gurrea, p.1) are the reasons to read the newspapers either free or paid. Consequently, the analysis of duality of media that is available in the form of newspapers should be made from supply-side perspective as the advantages of internet as a medium boosted the supply of news in digital form. To overcome or withstand the competition, it is necessary for print media to find an alternative to make the newspapers attract the readers. This can be made by using different distribution channels that reach readers in different forms and ways. One such example is to offer free newspapers to commuters going to offices. In addition to this, the free newspapers find many other distribution channels that find enough readers.7 Effect of Free Newspapers Before discussing and analyzing the readers’ preferences and their links with the trends of free newspapers, it is important to know whether they are able to compete with the traditional ones or denting their revenues. This aspect might sound irrelevant to discussion and analysis of readers preferences, but the success and failure of any n ewspaper either it is free or paid depends on readers’ preferences. If the free newspapers are cannibalizing the traditional ones, they are according to the readers’ preferences and are consolidating the readership. If they are not they must be targeting some sections of readers to sustain and to get profits through advertisement revenues and thus act as complements to main stream newspapers. In this regard according to Dr. Kathleen P. Mahoney., Dr James H. Collins (2005), â€Å"the free tabloid newspapers have become serious media players in less than 10 years by having 2 million circulation in US. And now, traditional paid newspapers facing an already difficult marketplace are asking: is free dailies competition or opportunity? This paper will provide some guidance to newspaper companies either considering introducing a free offering or being confronted by one, by examining whether the free dailies are competitive or complementary to the traditional paid newspaper.à ¢â‚¬  (Mahoney. K. P. et al., p.1) However, the observation of Mahoney K.P. etal., did not find any cannibalization of paid dailies by free dailies as both are following different strategies for their business. The intention of free tabloids is to capture non –readers and thus their strategies may not affect the paid newspapers’ business much. This is due to the fact that the free tabloids’ strategies rest on the expectation that the readers buy the franchisee’s paid products. Though the free tabloids are not denting much into the readers’ base of traditional newspapers, they are capturing the non readers, who are elusive to the traditional newspapers till now. The effect of free tabloids on traditional newspapers lies on the extent of period the former hold the young readers. Normally, the readers of free tabloids do not stick to a newspaper for long time unlike the traditional ones. Hence, the traditional newspapers have to consolidate their rea dership, whereas the free newspapers have to search for new readers on continuous basis. Moreover, a section of young people, who read free tabloids for a particular period of time may not leave their traditional newspaper if they are part of the latter’s readers’ base. Eventually, the free newspapers may make the task of traditional newspapers difficult but cannot completely cannibalize them as the strategies as well as readers are different and even common readers also do not desert one for the other. Hence, it can be termed as the presence of free newspapers is making it difficult for traditional ones to sustain, but cannot make them irrelevant in the present scenario.8 Long term Perspective of Free Newspapers After analyzing the effect of readers’ preferences on strategies of business now it is time to analyze the needs of long term developments for free newspapers. In this regard, Piet Bakker (2002) mentions the strategies that are applicable in the long ru n that consider readers’ preferences. The important concern the author put forth is that the reaction of the reader to the free daily, which is not a novelty but just an established product. As the academic research on free newspapers is not widely available, the publications like reports by newspapers, organizations, business publications and press releases as well as the researches of free newspapers to frame strategies need to be used here to have an idea of scenario that is a result of the strategies of free newspapers that frame strategies according to the preferences of the readers they are targeting. The important aspect, which is bone of contention, is about the circulation claimed by free newspapers as the audit for circulation followed for paid ones is different from that of the free newspapers. Eventually, the publishers of free newspapers claim their circulation and the reliability of that claim depends on certain sections that the publishers of free newspapers wa nt to target. In this context, the effect of free newspapers is supplementary or complement for the traditional newspapers as the strategy of them to approach is different from that of free ones. Hence, the existence or emergence of free newspapers and their sustenance in long-term is independent of the adverse situation faced by traditional newspapers as that is a result of availability of content or news more on online than in the print and the access to online content being easy. In this regard Piet Bakker (2002) states that â€Å"So far, 80 free daily newspapers have been introduced in 26 countries. The majority have been launched in the last three years. In some markets like Stockholm, Cologne, Buenos Aires, The Netherlands, Zurich, Basle, Bern, Toronto, Newcastle more than one free newspaper was published..†( Bakker, 181). In support to the above facts Piet Bakker quotes the facts claimed by the free newspapers and finds that daily 20 to 25 million people all over the g lobe are reading free newspapers and another aspect of these newspapers is that they published in Metropolitan areas and the editions come out only on weekdays. This further brings forth the preferences of readers in metro areas as well as the growth of newspapers in Metro in the presence of free newspapers as well as the advent of internet.9 Growth of Metro Newspaper The emergence of free news also results from the fact that there is little scope of growth for metro newspapers as the advent of internet has decreased the profits of newspapers particularly in metro areas the people in these areas have more internet accessibility than their peers of rural areas. The availability of entertainment as well as advertisement alternatives are denting the profits of print media by decreasing their advertisement revenue either by decreasing the number of advertisements or the tariff for them. In addition to that the increase in prices of newsprint and decrease in readers interest as well as p rofitability prompted some newspaper managements to offer newspapers free to make their niche in the digital news channels as the free newspapers attract readers to the corresponding news portals and that results in increase of hit rate, which in turn increase the prospects of getting advertisements for online editions. In spite of managing all the just mentioned aspects, the publishing of a newspaper needs greater levels of managerial discipline when compared to the publishing the same online. This is due to the fact that the printing operations need the assembly of first rate products with right advertising inserts with narrow production windows.10 Free Newspapers as complementary to Mainstream ones In this situation of assembling first rate products with right inserting of advertising slots with lean production management techniques are necessary, but the traditional newspapers can use the free newspapers concept to increase the popularity for their online versions. In doing so, they can minimize the loss of advertisement revenue in print edition due to the advent of internet. Hence, free news or free newspapers not only pose a threat to the traditional newspapers revenues, but also can be used as the ones that boost the revenues for their online editions. This strategy makes creating an online edition a compulsion for all traditional newspapers in print. As the free newspapers target some sections of readers, the print editions can launch complementary free newspapers to target the sections of readers on which the free newspapers, which are not complementary for any print editions are targeting. Thus the traditional newspapers can use the welfare enhancing by new good complements to existing goods principle put forth by Michal Masika (2010, p. 2). When the new goods, which are substitutes and are in the form of complementary newspapers for traditional newspapers are capable of replace the competitive free newspapers, the traditional newspapers can minimize the damaging effects of free newspapers their advertisement revenues. This principle indirectly suggests to traditional or mainstream newspapers to offer the services for their readers, which are being offered by free newspapers through their online editions. To do that, the mainstream newspapers not only should develop the appearance of website and presentation of news on that, they have to offer products online or should post advertisements of online marketing agencies for cheaper prices when compared to advertisement tariff in print edition. Though this strategy may not increase the advertisement revenues considerably, they damage can be controlled and in long-term, the traditional newspapers can bring down the free newspapers to the standard of pamphlets for franchisee websites, thus drawing a clear line between their readers and the readers of free newspapers.11 Reflections It was found that the emergence of free newspapers initially is due to availability of online news as we ll as advent of internet. In the next stage, the free newspapers are used to as promoters for news portals or marketing web sites for certain products. Hence, the free newspapers can be differentiated into two types; the first being the ones that target a section of readers to promote their products and the other type, which act as promoters to the online news portals that are independent or belong to a mainstream newspaper. The potential and empirical obstacles found while doing research for this paper is that it is difficult to estimate the number of online news portals that are affecting the print media. As the news portals popularity is determined by hit rate and has no physical evidence, I found that the estimation of damage to mainstream newspapers is difficult in terms of circulation as circulation and hit rate cannot be compared. Another potential aspect is that the differentiation of free newspapers, which are completely based on news and the ones that act as franchisees fo r online marketing sites. There is third type of free newspapers also, which act as publicity things for online news portals. The fourth type of free newspapers are that come out weekly once or twice as a complementary from the publisher of a mains stream newspaper to withstand the competition of free news and to have publicity for the mainstream newspaper as well. Regarding conceptual and theoretical problems, it is difficult to draw a line between mainstream newspapers and free newspapers. In other words paid newspapers and some free newspapers are difficult to differentiate except for the price. The theoretical problem that exists in the case of free newspaper is to authenticate the circulation claims. In the context of paid newspapers, there is a system of auditing and related organizations to declare the circulation of each newspaper. However, in case of free newspapers, as the publishers offer money to the people or shops who put their newspaper in stands, the more money the p ublisher can spend, the more claims for circulation may exist. Hence, I found that this aspect makes it difficult to calculate circulation of free newspapers. From ethical point of view, commenting or criticizing on ethical standards of free newspaper do not have any theoretical or moral base. This is due to the fact that the free newspapers are not hiding any business activity they are doing and everything they are resorting to is legal and though it cannot be termed as moral, but can’t be called as immoral. These points impact a study of a researcher to differentiate between complete newspapers and the papers that work as franchisees for online marketing sites. Moreover, as the free newspapers, which are used as tools for the marketing agencies also offer news and the absence of a system in print media to marginalize those type free newspapers from mainstream free newspapers will make the work of a researcher a difficult thing. Conclusion The conclusion in the dissertation will be in a way that reveals the importance of readers’ preferences in the emergence and trends of free newspapers. After differentiating the free newspapers from the traditional and mainstream ones, the way the latter frame strategies to rein in the free newspapers to consolidate their advertisement revenue will find place. At the end how the free newspapers can also act complementary for traditional newspapers even in the presence of individual free newspapers in the market will be pointed out. Works Cited Andrew King John Plunkett. Victorian Print Media: A Reader. New York. Oxford University Press. 2005. Carlos Flavian., Raquel Gurrea, â€Å"Digital Versus Traditional Newspapers; Influences on Perceived Substitutability†. International Journal of Market Research, Vol. 51. Issue 5. 2009. P.1-3. Carlos Flavian., Raquel Gurrea. â€Å"Perceived Substitutability between Digital and Physical Channels: The case of Newspapes†. Online Information Review. Vol. 31, no .6. 2007. P. 1-3. Carlos Flavian., Raquel Gurrea, â€Å"Reading Newspapers on the Internet: The Influence of Websites’ attributes†. Internet Research. Vol. 18, no. 1. 2008. P. 26-45. Donald Greenlees. â€Å"Hong Kong Newspaper takes gamble on free distribution†. Nytimes.com. published on 10th September 2007. Web. Flavian, C Gurrea, R 2006, ‘The choice of digital newspapers: influence of reader goals and user experience’, Internet Research, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 231-247. Christensen. â€Å"API discovers â€Å"good enough† is better then best†. Strategic Direction. Vol. 24. Issue 9. 2008. Pp. 19-21. Piet Bakker. â€Å"Free Daily Newspapers-Business Models and Strategies†. The International Journal on Media Management. Vol. 4, no. 3. (2002), p.180-187. John Sterling. â€Å"Strategy Development for the Real World†. Strategy Leadership. Vol. 30, issue 1, 2002, p.10-12. Kathleen P. Mahoney., Dr James H. Collins. â€Å"Consumer Newspaper Choice in Markets with Free Print Options: Are Free Daily Newspapers Competition or Opportunity for Traditional Paid Products?†. Session -The Symposium of Publishing. 2005. Michal Masika. â€Å"Free Commuter Newspapers and the Market for paid –for Daily Newspapers†. University of Munich. 2010 Footnotes 1 Flavian, C Gurrea, R 2006, ‘The choice of digital newspapers: influence of reader goals and user experience’, Internet Research, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 231-247. 2 Christensen. â€Å"API discovers â€Å"good enough† is better then best†. Strategic Direction. Vol. 24. Issue 9. 2008. Pp. 19-21. 3Andrew King John Plunkett. Victorian Print Media: A Reader. New York. Oxford University Press. 2005. 4 Donald Greenlees. â€Å"Hong Kong Newspaper takes gamble on free distribution†. Nytimes.com. published on 10th September 2007. 5 NA. â€Å"Newspaper Circulation Up! (For Free Papers)†. Mediacrit.com. NA. 9th June 2007. Web. 6 Carlos Flavian., Raquel Gurrea. â€Å"Perceived Substitutability between Digital and Physical Channels: The case of Newspapers†. Online Information Review. Vol. 31, no.6. 2007. P. 1-3. 7 Carlos Flavian., Raquel Gurrea, â€Å"Digital Versus Traditional Newspapers; Influences on Perceived Substitutability†. International Journal of Market Research, Vol. 51. Issue 5. 2009. P.1-3. 8 Dr. Kathleen P. Mahoney., Dr James H. Collins. â€Å"Consumer Newspaper Choice in Markets with Free Print Options: Are Free Daily Newspapers Competition or Opportunity for Traditional Paid Products?†. Session -The Symposium of Publishing. 2005. 9 Piet Bakker. â€Å"Free Daily Newspapers-Business Models and Strategies†. The International Journal on Media Management. Vol. 4, no. 3. (2002), p.180-187. 10 John Sterling. â€Å"Strategy Development for the Real World†. Strategy Leadership. Vol. 30, issue 1, 2002, p.10-12. 11 Michal Masika. â€Å"Free Commuter Newspapers and the Market for paid –for Daily Newspapers†. University of Munich. 2010. This essay on Impact of Free News on Print Media and Readers’ Preferences was written and submitted by user Trey Dillon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Multiculturalism Essay Example

Multiculturalism Essay Example Multiculturalism Essay Multiculturalism Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Multiculturalism Multiculturalism is brought by the existence of multiple cultures in a society. Every culture has different practices, but it is possible to have common practices in different cultures. Multiple cultures are brought by immigration of people. The different cultures are expected to coexist in the same society and live harmoniously. Multiple cultures have both positive and negative effects on the people. It has brought the introduction of homogeneity, where groups of people adopt practices from different cultures. They do not identify themselves with any culture since they have borrowed from many cultures. According to my observation, it is agreeable to say that people are a product of multiple cultures. People of different culture living in the same society have influenced each other in many ways. Global changes have also contributed to changes in cultural practices. The new technologies, as well as policies in different countries, have enabled people’s exposure to different cultures. For example, trade policies enable people from different cultures to interact and exchange knowledge. Traveling makes people visit new places where they learn different cultural practices. I feel I am a product of multiple cultures in different ways. In my learning institution, there are many students from different cultures. They have taught me many things in various aspects. My friends come are from diverse cultures and they have introduced me to many practices in their cultures. It is a brilliant idea to borrow from other cultures because their practices may be a solution to some of my problems. For instance, I have a friend whose culture believes in consuming vegetables. My friend has a lot of knowledge on various types of vegetables, and he assisted me to choose the most nutritious ones. Another friend comes from France and is proficient in French language. He assists me to learn French and soon I will be multilingual. We form study groups and assist each other with course work. I have learnt many effective study habits form my friends. It has even been reflected in my school results. I have improved in the way I understand concepts in class. For example, I learnt that it is essential to ask questions after the teacher is through with the lecture. It does not only help me but also other students to learn more. Being an Arab, I have always believed my religion is the only right one. After interacting with other people from different cultures, I have learnt to accept and respect other religions. I was made to understand that people have the freedom to join any religion. It is unethical to criticize other religious and assume mine is superior. Multiple cultures have influenced me to respect other cultures and practices. I have also noticed some foreign students have converted to different religions because of multiple culture influence. Other people have persuaded them to join those religions, and they have accepted. Multiple cultures enhance cohesion in the community. I have learnt to live with other ethnic groups in harmony. Initially, I had negative perception about some cultural groups. After living in a community with diverse people, I have changed my attitude and towards people. Mainly, I had a problem with other races. Dubai has many immigrants from African, Asian, South American and other countries. I feared they would control the country and overthrow the government. Today, I have come to realize that they are beneficial to the state in many ways. I appreciate their contribution in all the aspects they have helped improve. I have an interest in traveling, and I have visited many places outside Dubai. For instance, I have visited United States of America with my family. During the visit, we stayed with American families who shared many ideas about their cultures. My mother learnt how to cook different meals. I ate new snacks like burgers and pizza. These foods do not belong in cultural Arabian foods. They were introduced by the western culture in Dubai. Today, my mother prepares some of the foods she learnt, and they have become part of my family’s culture. The internet has significantly changed people’s ways of life and beliefs. This is mainly observed in young people because they have fully embraced the new technology. The internet contains all sorts of information about different topics. Social networks are being used as a medium of interacting, and this is an opportunity for people to exchange cultural practices. I belong to several social sites, and I have made friends with people from all over the world. By chatting and other forms of communication, we have learnt ideas from each other. Computer technology has changed by culture of learning and doing research. Initially, I only used physical libraries and books used in class. It was difficult to carry out research because I had to consume a lot of time looking for relevant books. Today, I just use my laptop to search any topic from the internet. It has a broad database of rich information in almost all the topics. I can also access electronic books and save time looking for them physically. The lecturers have an easy time marking essays because there is software to assist them. Apart from positive influence, there has been negative influence. The greatest negative influence is from the media. Many movies have several negative themes. According to Arab religion, people are expected to remain chaste until they are married. Contemporary movies are encouraging young people against these values. I am among some of the students who have acquired a more liberal perception to life. This is a choice that I have to make on my own. Some people from foreign countries came to introduce unacceptable practices in the community. For instance, in Jamaica there is the culture of consuming Cannabis sativa. Immigrants from that country have introduced it to others. There are other hard drugs, which have been introduced into the country because of having multiple cultures. People have made it a business to sell these illegal drugs, and they are making money. The government has a hard time trying to fight these illegal practices. Another notable change is the music I like. Western music has taken over local music and people seem to enjoy it more than local music. I like listening to hip-hop, jazz and classical music among other categories. I only listen to local music occasionally. With all the changes that have happened, I feel I am a product of multiple cultures.

Artistic and Livelihood Rights versus Morality Issues in Anti-Lap Assignment

Artistic and Livelihood Rights versus Morality Issues in Anti-Lap Dancing Ordinance - Assignment Example With a diminishing tax base, the city direly needs new livelihood sources. City council members and residents are divided on whether the emerging businesses of strip bars and pornographic moviemakers can save the city’s economy. They also believed that said ordinance was the first step to killing this industry. Mary Macy, 40, a former city council member said: â€Å"Adult entertainment businesses are a blight to any neighborhood. They attract a variety of criminal activity, including prostitution and drug use.† Council member Tonis Zaslow, 35, believed that they are not against new businesses, but opposed to the negative effects of the sex industry on their culture and health. Zaslow said: â€Å"This is just good government. We need to protect citizens from the transmission of sexual diseases, litter and condoms in our streets, drugs sold to children.† What several saw as depraved, others perceived as fun and legitimate livelihoods. George Rappaport, dressed in a business suit, thought that the ordinance was a killjoy: â€Å"I love lap dances. Who doesn’t? I say you’re banning this because you’ve never had one. You guys and gals should get one before you vote.† Bambi Newman, 27, is an actress, a stripper, and a single mom with a daughter. She argued that lap dancing is her right to artistic expression and a source of legitimate livelihood.

Reasons for the Failure of Camp David of 2000 Essay

Reasons for the Failure of Camp David of 2000 - Essay Example It was aimed to eradicate the conflict involving Israel and Palestine. These two countries have been in conflict for an incredibly long time. Israel is composed of both Muslims and Christians while Palestine is an Arab only state. The summit was a continuation of the peace development that had been started by former United States president Carter. This paper will expand on the issues that led to the failure of Camp David in 2000 and what had caused the conflicts. Nature of the Failure of Camp David The summit meant to discuss many issues that hindered the development of the peace procedure and included territory, Jerusalem, refugees and security worries by Israel. In relation to territory, the Palestinian authorities demanded that they should be awarded with full power over some areas such as the Gaza strip, which was being controlled by Israel1. Israel disputed that the area belonged to them, and rejected their proposals. The prime minister of Israel instead offered them the access to the areas under conflict but insisted that they were still under the government of Israel. He additionally explained that the roads to be used were still under Israel and the Palestinians would be deprived of their use in case there was an emergency. The Palestinian leader rejected Israel’s whole idea since they had wanted complete ownership of the land2. This is one issue why they never solved their conflict on territorial borders. They further discussed on the territorial conflict that concerned Jerusalem. Palestinians claimed complete ownership of the east of Jerusalem and the holy cities that were nearby including Temple Mount. Amusingly, both Israel and Palestine referred to temple mount as holy grounds, considering that Judaism and Islam are involved. Palestine claimed that the land on the east of Jerusalem was ‘stolen’ by Israel and that they should return it to the rightful owner. The Israeli leader argued that if the land belonged to Palestine, they w ould still be having it since countries should always protect their possessions. In an attempt to solve this problem, Israel suggested that Palestine be granted with custodianship and not complete ownership of the area in conflict (Temple Mount)3. Israel however claimed that the ancient wall on the temple mount would belong to them since it was very an important icon in Judaism. Israel also suggested that some Muslim environs in the east of Jerusalem would be part of Palestine while others would still be under the control of Israel. It happens that Palestinians had wanted full control of all the Muslim neighborhoods and sought for an explanation why Israel would no grant them full sovereignty. They did not desire Israel to have power over the holy Arab cities in any manner and therefore could not come into a viable conclusion. Another reason for the summit was the issue of refugees. These refugees came to being because of war that made some Palestinians to escape from Israel into th e neighboring Palestine. Palestine wanted the refugees to go back to their original homes in Israel without being asked and that they should be granted with land. Israel rejected because they were millions of them and they would make the country be overpopulated and limit the resources. Large populations have high demand for resources and lead to their degradation since they can never be enough. Israel stated that they would only permit the immigrants who had families left in Israel after the war period was over. This amounted to about 100,000 refugees4. This did not favor the Palestinians, as they wanted the refugees to decide where they wanted to be, Israel or Palestine. It was evident that a large number would prefer to relocate to Israel. It was also decided that

Art Nouveau Movement, Dadaism and the Punk Art Movement

Art Nouveau Movement, Dadaism and the Punk Art Movement Art Nouveau is generally seen as using an approach to design involving a particular flowing style which artists should use when working on everything from architecture to furniture and from jewellery to posters and thus making Art Nouveau part of everyday life. Art Nouveau was the most popular artistic style in graphic art at the turn of the century and was at its most popular at the turn of the 20th century; roughly from around 1890 to 1905. It was commonly used within architecture and decorative arts. It was quite a simplistic art style and had a whip lash ripple or floral effect where a lot of the imagery looked as though the starting point had been curved in the style of a whip curves when it is about to strike something. Everything was flowing and elegant. The French underground stations still have their entrances and platforms, signs and railings exactly as they were when the movement was at its height. Czech artist Alphonse Mucha strongly influenced the Art Nouveau movement when he produced a lithographed poster, created as an advertisement for the play Gismonda and appeared on the first of January 1895 in the streets and walkways of Paris. It was an overnight sensation and announced itself and its creator as a new artistic form to the citizens of Paris. It was originally named Mucha style and later became known as Art Nouveau which means new art in French. Art Nouveau was strongly used over a fifteen year period and was most widely used through Europe from Glasgow in Scotland, to Moscow in Russia and to Madrid in Spain but its influence was worldwide. Art Nouveau was a popular form of graphic design with detailed prints and bright colours which set the atmosphere of the imagery within. It was usually used for posters which drew the viewers eyes first to the outlined figures inside and then to the text within and then you would notice the fine detail around the whole image. The art style was a new form of Japanese inspired art and had a William Morris style of repetitiveness such as used in his wall-papers within the detail. In Spain, the Art Nouveau movement was centred in Barcelona. Architect Antoni Gaudà ­Ã‚ ­, whose decorative architectural style is so highly personal, created the Casa Batllo. The house had already been bui8lt but he remodelled it completely in the style of Art Nouveau, and is most widely regarded as being the complete essence of Art Nouveau. Such distinctive buildings can be found all over Europe and America, except in Warsaw, Poland where the Nazis and the Communists destroyed all such works on the basis that they were decadent. I love the intricate detail of Art Nouveau and I liked the amazing patterns produced with this style within poster designs and architecture and I thought that it was outstanding that this sort of design could be achieved, but I felt that it is not my style of art. I like to produce detailed pieces but a stranger style would suit me more. I then decided to move away from Art Nouveau and move more into the styles of Dada with are more interesting and confuse the viewer, the style is very different to what has been previously produced and that is why I have decided to do more of a Dada approach to my project now. The Dada movement started first in Zurich, Switzerland, during World War I. European artists and international writers created the Dada movement, from 1915 to 1922 and were marked by a spirit of anarchic revolt. French poet Tristan Tzara stabbed the pages of a dictionary with his penknife to randomly choose a name for the movement. The importance of chance displayed within Dada art is highlighted by this random act in itself. The style of Dada took great pleasure in absurdity and prioritised the role of the unpredictable and unexpected in artistic creation. Its purpose was to make fun of what its participants considered to be the nonsensical meaninglessness of the modern world. Dadas beginnings relate broadly to the outbreak of World War I and for many participants the movement was a protest against the conformist nationalist and colonialist interests, which many in the Dadaists movement believed were the root cause of Worl War I, and against the cultural and intellectual conformity in art and more broadly in society in general that corresponded to the war. In addition to anti-war, Dada was also anti bourgeois, nonconformists, and anarchist in nature. These expressions can be compared to the anti-conformity of the Punk movement. Another key feature in one of Dadas most infamous exhibitions was a lack of respect. This was shown in an exhibition organised by Max Ernst where axes were provided for visitors to smash all of the works available on show. Otto Dix, Hans Richter, Marcel Duchamp, George Grosz, and Jean Arp are among the leading Dadaists. Pop art was strongly influenced by the Dada movement, and was sometimes called neo Dada. Dadaists seeming to show lack of seriousness towards things on the surface, while the Dada artists were really galvanized by false belief and strong moral outrage at the horrendous, unprecedented carnage and utter destruction of World War I. Shocking people out of their complacency was the ultimate aim of the movement. Dada generally involved visual arts, poetry, art manifestoes, theatre art, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti war politics through rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti art cultural works. Dadas purpose was to mock what its contenders thought to be the meaninglessness of the modern world.. Dada represented the opposite to everything for which art stood. While broad, the movement was unstable. By 1924 in Paris, Dada was transforming into surrealism, social realism and other forms of modernism. Some theorists believe that Dada was actually the beginning of postmodernism art. According to its participants, Dada was known as anti-art. Everything for which art stood, Dada represented the opposite. Dada made the foundations to abstract art and sound poetry, postmodernism, and performing art, a great influence on pop art, and a celebration of anti-art which later would be taken up by anarchistic political uses during the 1960s and the movement that set the ground work for Surrealism. I felt that Dada was quite an interesting art period due to the style of its workings and its slight mysteriousness to it. The images produced during this time were unusual at the time and were seen as weird as is seen as today. The style of Dada is quite eye catching with its strange shapes and dull colours, it makes the viewer want to try and understand the picture so in a way Dada was quite a successful form of graphic design. Although the Dada period has been a very interesting and successful graphic design art period, I have decided to evolve from this period into the form of Punk art. Punk art is more interesting for me because it uses bolder colours and has a more upfront and to the point style of things which is why I have chosen to move onto this art period for my project. The Punk ideologists are an assembly of mixed social and political beliefs within the Punk subculture. In its first standing the Punk subculture originally was troubled with ideas including anti- authoritarianism, individualism, rebellion, discontent and free thought. The political ideology most often associated with punk is anarchism. Punk ideologies are often expressed through Punk rock music, Punk fashion, Punk literature, either spoken word recordings, or Punk visual arts. Many Punks have expressed their extreme radical views through direct action, such as boycotts, protests, vandalism, squatting, or destruction of property. Dada artists were quite hard to find so I had to look at other artists like Theo. Dapore to help me in numerous inspirational aspects of my graphic design and then use those artists style in a way to make it more Dada. This seemingly simple task, because of the style of Dada, was not as easy as you might think, it was more difficult to make the style of Dada come to life than I had thought and so I decided to move to a similar style era that would be more fun and more creative for me that I could come up with many more ideas and designs with, so I decided to move to the punk era. Having seen posters and other designs produced from this era, like stuff from the sex pistols, I thought this would be an excellent way for me to use my graphic design skills, to make my versions of these posters and other outcomes and so I thought this is the era I would use for my final outcome for the unit. Punk fashion was primarily a highly individual demonstration of nonconformity, as well as rebellion  against popular culture and the homespun hippie counterculture. Punk fashion is usually styled to  portray rebellion, aggression and individualism. Some punks choose to wear clothing and tattoos that express or relate to social and political factors in their style. Punk visual art is often styled on the same type of socio-political message. Many punks wear second hand clothing, often as an anti-consumerist statement. Their style was very visual and very aggressive, such as wearing safety pins pierced through their bodies as jewellery, and extreme spikes in their hair, fashioned from glue and hairspray and vividly coloured in reds, greens and blacks and other wonderful styles, all as original and outlandish as possible Punk visual art is artwork which can often be found on punk rock album covers, punk show flyers , and punk magazines. It is often shown as deliberate distortion, such as using of letters cut from magazines and newspapers, a practice earlier associated with kidnapping and ransom notes, so that the senders handwriting was not recognizable. Most of the earlier artwork was created in black and white, because it was published and distributed in punk magazines printed at public copy shops, but later when colour was used in later more expensive productions it was often typified by being high key, often using fluorescent yellow and pink contrasted with black. A good example is the album cover of the Sex Pistols Never Mind the Bollocks album designed and created by Jamie Reid. One of the loudest and most outrageous of the Punk Bands The Sex Pistols along with their manager Malcom McClaren were notorious Punk Rockers; the group itself for their anti-establishment music and him for his Punk fashions and music. Vivienne Westwood and her then-partner Malcolm McLaren shook up British fashion forever with their Punk fashions. They opened a store on Kings Road, known as Let it Rock, which became an outlet for their creative talents respectively. The store is still there and is known as Worlds End.   I used the artist Theo. Dapore to make my punk style poster. Using minimal colour and posterized images with rich blacks. The outcome was just red black and white highlights on images because I liked the way Dapore has painted his images so that the background is very saturated with the main focus being very rich in colour, usually being very vibrant. The red in my poster design is a sort of dull red but not too much as to not lose the colour entirely. For my final piece I have made paper skeleton punks that are just looking anti social. I chose to do this because when looking through the internet images for inspiration I came across some paper sculptures and decided I wanted to do something like that. So I printed off one of the sculptures you could make yourself and thought of ways I could replicate it without actually doing it the way it had been done. Instead of having parts that cut through each other to keep them in place I thought that if I glue gunned and sewed and stapled the parts together instead, it would give me more texture and would make them more unique than something that you can print off and make anywhere. I liked the idea of making paper skeleton punks because I wanted to see what I could do with paper. I had done previous outcomes using paper but none that made it into 3d sculptures and so the idea of making this was quite a challenge fore me.

Daycare and Separation Anxiety: A Brief Overview Essay examples -- Chi

Numerous advances led to Sigmund Freud’s inspirational Stages of Psychosexual Development, and it was Freud that introduced a clear theory explaining the process by which infants develop into adults. The transition from the Oral, Anal and Phallic stages begins to help us understand some of the processes that might lead to understanding attachment issues. Freud argued that humans are born â€Å"polymorphously perverse,† the idea that any number of objects could be a source of pleasure. While relief from stress observed in a child might be interpreted as simply the absence of emotional pain, on a deeper level, re-attachment and physical closeness to a caregiver after prolonged separation should result in a pleasurable experience. Setting aside for the moment the sexual aspects of Freud’s theory, the basis of his premise remains one of the human connection that is gained through some form of physical contact, be it obtained from others or themselves. (Stevenson , 2001) In the early 1950s, Harry Harlow’s famous study of rhesus monkeys to determine attachment relationships demonstrated that infant rhesus monkeys raised in isolation, preferred the comfort of a cloth-covered surrogate mother to that of a wire-mesh surrogate with an attached feeding bottle. Harlow wished to dispute the traditional view that affection and mother–infant attachment was based on food, and his experiments had clearly demonstrated that the foundations of attachment were not associated solely with the need for nourishment. A more important facet of human nature was that the profoundly meaningful act of physical intimacy plays a greater role in the health of an infant than nourishment alone. (Vicedo 2009) However, Harlow was also breaking ground toward unders... ...ence of these children and their remarkable ability to positively adapt in the face of adversity, and although there are a number of unanswered questions in connection to the biological, cognitive, and social processes that are experienced throughout childhood, it is encouraging to know that with further study, this resiliency might be encouraged in the daycare setting. (Degnan & Fox, 2007) This paper is but a brief overview of this topic and a great deal more research not included in this paper has been devoted to the biopsychosocial influences of genetic predisposition, parents, daycare providers, the daycare environment, and the many other factors that effect children that attend daycare. However, it’s encouraging to know that progress is being made in the development of a safe, healthy, and nurturing environment for our children at this most vulnerable age. Daycare and Separation Anxiety: A Brief Overview Essay examples -- Chi Numerous advances led to Sigmund Freud’s inspirational Stages of Psychosexual Development, and it was Freud that introduced a clear theory explaining the process by which infants develop into adults. The transition from the Oral, Anal and Phallic stages begins to help us understand some of the processes that might lead to understanding attachment issues. Freud argued that humans are born â€Å"polymorphously perverse,† the idea that any number of objects could be a source of pleasure. While relief from stress observed in a child might be interpreted as simply the absence of emotional pain, on a deeper level, re-attachment and physical closeness to a caregiver after prolonged separation should result in a pleasurable experience. Setting aside for the moment the sexual aspects of Freud’s theory, the basis of his premise remains one of the human connection that is gained through some form of physical contact, be it obtained from others or themselves. (Stevenson , 2001) In the early 1950s, Harry Harlow’s famous study of rhesus monkeys to determine attachment relationships demonstrated that infant rhesus monkeys raised in isolation, preferred the comfort of a cloth-covered surrogate mother to that of a wire-mesh surrogate with an attached feeding bottle. Harlow wished to dispute the traditional view that affection and mother–infant attachment was based on food, and his experiments had clearly demonstrated that the foundations of attachment were not associated solely with the need for nourishment. A more important facet of human nature was that the profoundly meaningful act of physical intimacy plays a greater role in the health of an infant than nourishment alone. (Vicedo 2009) However, Harlow was also breaking ground toward unders... ...ence of these children and their remarkable ability to positively adapt in the face of adversity, and although there are a number of unanswered questions in connection to the biological, cognitive, and social processes that are experienced throughout childhood, it is encouraging to know that with further study, this resiliency might be encouraged in the daycare setting. (Degnan & Fox, 2007) This paper is but a brief overview of this topic and a great deal more research not included in this paper has been devoted to the biopsychosocial influences of genetic predisposition, parents, daycare providers, the daycare environment, and the many other factors that effect children that attend daycare. However, it’s encouraging to know that progress is being made in the development of a safe, healthy, and nurturing environment for our children at this most vulnerable age.

Does the Philippines Have a Chance?

â€Å"Does the Philippines have a Chance? † Book of Peter Wallace as reviewed by Nash Gibril Introduction To have a glance on the a report prepared by Mr. Peter Wallace in its book entitled â€Å"Does the Philippines have a Chance? † you can see the naked truth about Philippines negative side. The identified realities then hamper development of the country. These realities were very complex that intertwined with each reality. Once the one problem exists it bred other problem or simply called the domino effect. The interrelated detrimental realities maybe made Mr. Wallace to raise the question, â€Å"does the Philippines have a chance? The challenge now for each and everyone of us from mere tao up to the national leaders is draw a positive recommendation from the said report that could possibly be the or at least part of the solution to the embedded problems of the society and expectedly could at least lessen the problems if impossible to eliminate. In this book review, I will first present the world view of the author in per subject matter then I will try to find myself whether I am amenable to the idea or not and then offer an alternative position if not satisfied, otherwise, I will confirm the practicality or truthfulness of the author’s concept.Sad Political Environment – bred poor governance and corruption Is Mr. Wallace is right when he stated â€Å"politics is the heart of the problem? Indeed, he is right in saying so. The politicians now are the most powerful individuals along with the businessmen in the country. The political leadership controls almost everything, once Mr. Politician held in the throne, first he/she easily acquires wealth through kick-backs, red tapes and any other illegal manner, and then control follows. They [politician] controls the legislation and/or implementation of the laws – they will atify what is justifiable and directly or indirectly on their advantage to their vested interest, otherwise they will be out of the circulation. Another attitude of the political leadership is the so called dynasties – once he/she occupied the post, the tendency is he/she don’t want to vacate or leave the office as far as the constitution allows; and much worst, there were instances of strategic maneuvering, for example, the father is the mayor, the son or daughter is the vice mayor, and a son/wife/daughter is the ABC President, what a strategy.In that structure of ascendancy, the tendency is there’s no check and balance, as the ideal structure is designed for. In other words, the government is very susceptible to graft and corruption practices. And another form of dynastic attitude of the politician is as much as possible; the family can hold strategic position in the political system, let say, there is one governor, a congressman, one mayor, and so on and so forth.And once there corruption, the immediate effect is basic services like education, health and sanitation , livelihood assistance, and others, that are expected from the government were not delivered in timely manner, thus, the poor remained to be poor, and those in the position and power are reaching the sky for their personal satisfaction achievements. Moreover, the political leadership is driven by their own personal agendas and not for the common good of the general public. For instance, the villain of the contemporary administration could be the hero tomorrow and the hero for today could the villain tomorrow.There’s no such thing as solidarity of agenda and aspiration for the betterment of the country in terms of socio-economic upliftment. The poor governance also effect low collection of revenues. The businessmen and all other tax payers would always find ways to evade from paying the appropriate tax of their properties. In some cases, these tax evaders are collaborating with revenue officials in order for them to lessen the amount due from them. Lastly, the competence of s ome of the political personalities are also low evel as to some extent, the rich, regardless whether they are competent or not they can be enthroned to office as they have the money to finance electoral expenses whether legal or illegal like in the form of vote buying. The result of this reality is the formula of Mr. Wallace that a weak leadership is equal to political instability. Uncontrolled population growth The next issue is the question of uncontrollable population growth. The question now is population growth detrimental to the society? Or the huge population could be utilized by the government in attaining its desired goal of development? If to rely on the assumption of Mr.Wallace, definitely, population growth hampers economic development of the country in a sense that the population shares the national wealth of the country. To elaborate further, when fewer people shares the national wealth of the country, the government can spend more high value-added products that can he lp drive the economy. On the query if it is possible that the huge population can be the resources of the government in accomplishing its goal, I don’t think so. It could be possible if the government have the funds in equipping its citizens with necessary skills and expertise like of the case of China.As context, Philippine is very limited on agricultural skills that are sometimes antiquated knowledge are pass from the parents to the siblings, that’s why we cannot expect enhanced agricultural production output from it. The issue on population control is further hindered by the position of the church [Catholic] that does not allow the passage of the Reproductive Health Bill. The church opposes the law as accordingly, to engage in artificial contraceptive is against the tenet of the Catholism. However, as presented by the author, many western countries that predominantly Catholic are practicing the desired method of birth control.Why do the church leaders oppose the alt ernative solution to the problem? On the other hand, the Philippine president is in off-hand in the issue, why? Is it because once he/she insist or at least influence the passage of law, he/she would be condemned by the majority Catholic believers? Lastly, being the highest position in the government must not look back his career and must take a risk to ensure the confirmation of something that would benefit majority of the country citizens. In addition, as suggested by Mr.Wallace, the government shall provide option for family planning along with intensive information dissemination and advocacy through educating of the parents. Education The enrollment rate in the country is used to be at the forefront in Asia in terms of secondary education (77%) and tertiary level (31%) ratios. And accordingly, the figure is continued to improve, however, the other Asian countries improve much faster, the tendency now is there will be times that Philippines will be overtaken. But is the great num ber of enrollment is sufficient enough for the education sector of the country?What about the quality? Why is it that huge number of college graduate can land a job? Is it because of lack of job opportunity or less knowledge acquired or both? What about the curriculum? To start with, let’s check the quality of the education. Philippine universities now seldom got international recognition in terms of efficiency of curriculums – only few were internationally recognized as prominent institution, among to the recently published universities are University of the Philippines, De Salla University, Ateneo University, and University of Southeastern Philippines in Davao City.If the government could implement the free education for primary, elementary up to secondary, the better, however, I can’t support the idea of privatizing the tertiary education, it only add to the problem of the parents in sending their siblings to universities. Once the tertiary education is priva tize, the government no longer can impose regulation in terms of tuition fees and all other fees for very common ground, the school is business that is aimed at profit. Rather, I’m in full support to the idea of curriculum enhancement along with method of teaching improvement.But the most important is the accountability of the education sector officials in their expenditures. There must be no corruption in the education/academe as this institution is the molders of future leaders and officials. Infrastructure The inability of the government to provide necessary infrastructures like paved roads, bridges, dikes, irrigation canals, solar driers, warehouse and others, add the hardship blocks of its citizens. The productions of agricultural products are somehow affected by the roads, bridges, driers and warehouses.The infrastrucres are stock capital of the government that attracts more produce of agricultural products, and it also invites investors to come in and have business in our localities, when there is infrastructures, there will be more businesses thus income comes. However, this infrastructure constructions/provisions are attached to various issues, like prolonged bidding procedures, palakasan system/kumpare system of winning the bidding, breaching of contracts, contractors/sub-contractors incapacities, kick-backs to some government officials, and poor quality outputs.Now with these circumstances, what could be the common tao expect from its government. These sad realities must be changed by the government officials as well as the contractors, to have a sense of responsibility and credibility for the benefits of common public must be considered. On the other hand, self-centeredness shall be minimized if not erased in the blood of the Filipinos, otherwise, decade hardship will commence in the coming future. Antiquated agricultureIn terms of agriculture sector, no doubt that we have the wide arable and fertile lands ideal for many types of agriculture products like rice, corn, banana, coconut, coffee, cacao, pineapples, and a lot more. But the problem in this sector are also wide as the lands of the country, for example, the appropriate farming technologies, capital of small farmers, inequitable distribution land ownership, the pro-hybrid and anti-GMO, and lack of necessary infrastructures to support the produce of the farmers.These interlinked realities can only be addressed if the government and farmers will work hand in hand for the resolution of the issues attached to the sector, otherwise we will be of great dependence in terms of food consumption from other neighboring countries. Lastly, in my opinion, the government shall gradually shift to the sustainable agriculture to evade possible environmental impact of the extreme usage of chemicals like pesticides and fertilizers in farming. Job creation In the statement of Mr. Wallace â€Å"give the poor a job, and they no longer poor† is absolutely right.In community orga nizing work for example, the intervention must be attitudinal change with the given technological skills/knowledge and not by just providing temporary solutions to the circumstances. For the case of humanitarian relief, there must be a timeframe of when to stop giving relief goods, as it will create a culture of dependency. And for the issue of providing skills, the TESDA must intensify its campaign in providing necessary skills training as this will propel individual income. The Court System The Supreme Court being the highest court of the land shall perform its mandated and expected functions as well.While the integrity and competence of the justices are unquestionable, in some way or another, their knowledge on technical, economic and technological matters are somehow limited, thus, I support the call of Mr. Wallace that the justices before having a final verdict on issues pertaining to technical, economic and social consequences must have to consult to experts on the particular field where decision will have to be made. My statement however, does not pertain to mining as my personal judgment that mining exploration must be deferred awaiting political maturity and integrity of the public officials.Security Frankly speaking, I am not convinced with the formula of Mr. Wallace that â€Å"Security and Development = Peace + stability. In my own opinion though it could be bias for other as I am Moro, holistically seeing the matter, the only cure for the Moro rebellion is the granting of self-determination. Aside from that, there will no sustainable solution to the problem as the Moro are just retracting their decade’s stolen sovereignty and freedom that their fore parents enjoyed for centuries long ahead of the Philippine republic.My inclination to the self-determination is further backed by the experiences of Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) as the failure of the government to impose the desired development. My position, is why not let the Mor o people chart their own destiny through Federal State and/or any other from? The notion is, you cannot impose development to the discontented and untrusting people, they [Moros] has the discretion to develop themselves. However, I support the statement of Mr. Wallace that government cannot win by fighting the rebels, and cannot negotiate peace in isolation.For me, the statement is suggesting for more peaceful solution and not by fighting as in war, everyone is a loser. Conclusion What is my personal assessment on the statements and/or arguments of Mr. Peter Wallace? In a fair and square answer, I agree to most of the notions of Mr. Wallace, whether it is the negative aspect about Philippines and it’s leaders/citizens and the suggestions and recommendations he offered, except for two aspects: (1. ) the promotion of the mining industry, and (2. the formula of resolving Moro insurgency in Mindanao [but no comment on the NDF/NPA]. My stand is influenced by my belief that as long as the Philippine political environment including the judicial system would not be changed, then one cannot expect that the ideal regulations of extracting earth minerals will be followed by the mining companies. The foreign countries he referred were all successful in that endeavor [mining industry] considering that there government are in good status unlike in us which corruption is becoming a phenomenal culture.While we know that development could positive and/or negative effect on the environment, what I suspect is more on negative side effects considering the attitude of the government officials and the mining companies as well. And for the solution for the insurgency, I am not convinced with the formula as I support self-determination is the foundation of any peace and development in the concern areas. Now, to answer the question, does the Philippines have a chance? I am optimistic that there could be chance for the Philippines to develop socio-economically, as long as the re commendations of Mr.Wallace and all other development planners must be considered by the government and by every one of us. The political leaders cannot solve the problem alone, so the cooperation and participation of its citizens is required, otherwise we cannot expect any change. The change we dreamed of must start in ourselves, by being vigilant, law abiding individuals. Indeed, development is a great challenge for each Filipino. No one but Filipinos only can develop its own country.